Kiln construction.



C. H. ZWERMANN.

. KIL N cowsmucnmv. I I APPLICATION FILED DEC. 4, 191 6- 1,216,390; I Patented Feb.20',1917.

2 $IIEETS-SHEET I.

III

INVENIOR. C ARL HZWERMANN.

V ATTORNEYS.

WI TNESSE'S':

0.31 ZWERMANN. KILN CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FlLilJ DEC. 4,191 6 Patented F611, 20, 191?.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 INVEN T R.

HZ WEE/4A N/\/.

W] TNESSES :ARL B" CARL H. ZWERMANN. 0F KALAMAZOO, MI IHIGAN.

KILN CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters E egant. 'atentgd Feb 20, 191 '1.

Application filed December 4, 1916. Serial No. 13 4,938.

, To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARL H. ZWERMANN a citizen of the United States. residing in the city and county of Kalamazoo, State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kiln Constructions, of which the following is a specifica tion.

This invention relates to improvements in kiln construction, particularly to improvements in kilns for the firing of pottery and enameled ware.

The objectsuof the invention are to provide an improved construction of hot air flues and arrangement of the same i specially well adapted to use in tunnel kilns; although adaptable to other kilns as well. Theinvention relates particularly to an arrangement of sectional hot air flue construction and arre ement and disposition of the same in con unction with the combustion chamber whereby efiicient and efl'ective circulation of hotair through the ware being fired is in- .Objects relating to details and economies of construction and operation will definitely.

ilippear from the detailed description to folow.

I accomplish the objects of my invention by the devices and means described in the following specification. The invention is clearly defined and pointed out in the claims. Structures showing preferred embodiin the ammpanying'drawing forming a part of this specification, in which:

Figure I is a transverse detail sectionalview through 'the body of a kiln embodying the features of my invention.

Fig. II is an enlarged detail sectional view of one of the flue sections.

Fig. III is an enlarged detail transverse horizontal sectional view taken on a line cor,- responding to lines 3-3 of Figs. I and IV.

Fig. IV is an enlarged detail longitudinal sectional view taken on a linecorrespondin to the irregular line 4-4 of Figs. I and II Fig. V isadetail transverse Sectional view 1 through the lower part of a tunnel kiln embodying my invention.

- In the drawing the sectional views are taken looking'in the direction of the little arrows at the ends of the section lines and similar numerals of reference refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Considering the lettered par the drawing, 1 is the outer wall or shell and 9.

the inner wall or lining, usually of fire brick or fire resisting material between which are interposed insulating materials 3. A floor 4: of fire brick or other fire resisting gnalterial is supported upon an insulating At the center and beneath each side are series of hot air pipes 6 disposed longitudinally thereof and leading from the outer or mouth endof" the kiln through to a transverse air space 7. Into the tail end delivers the flue pipe 8 which is directed into'the combustion chan her 9 at each side.

A platform 10 is provided on the floor at the center of the kiln with suitable supporting rails or ribs ,1 for carrying the ware or the saggars corn aining the same. Partial partition walls 12 at each side separate the central platform from combustion chambers 9 at each side, being spaced above the floor and extending t( line beneath therwf.

The combustnn chambers are contained. within flue sectn ns made up of a base flue 13 opening towai d the central platform and closed at its out 2r end Vertical pipes 14:

at the outer end and ,15 at the inner end connect to flanged apertures 16 and 17 in the upper side thereof. The flue 13 is U- shaped in cross section disposed flat side down. The vert cal tubular lines 14 and 15 -port 21 at the to 3 delivering upwardly and inwardly at the top of the kiln chamber. Cap member 18 extends outwardly vbeyond the tube 14 and engages a ledge 19 in the upper-portion ofthe inner sidewall 2. The innerportionis extended and engages and rests upon then pper edge of the partition wall 12 whereby this flue cap is supported and rests only 1i ghtly upon the vertical tubular flues 14 am, 15 that when these ver tical tubular flue; become highly heated. as

they will from tl eir presence directly in the combustion chamber, there is substantially no weight restu g upon them that would tend to distort o1 collapse them, a matter of high consequence in view of the hi hjtemperature to which these parts are su jected;

The flue space 22 is across the combustion chamber at the iail end ofthe kiln which connects to s. eh: Jnber flue space 23 i neath the combustion chamber at each side,

. which is connected to an exhaust flue 24 toward the inner end of the kiln, which flue either connects to a chimney or to an exhaust fan to create the necessary'draft to insure the proper delivery of the fuel and air within the combustion chamber,

- the tail of the kiln underneath the combus-' It will be seen'from this description that .fuel and air enter the combustion chambers and circulate through the same to the flue space at the mouth end of. the kiln and arethence carried downwardly and back toward tion chamber., The air pipes 6 being disposed in this chamber 23 will become greatly heated and deliver heated air into the air flue or space 7 at the-tail end of the kiln where the same'will come in contact with the fuel and insure, owing to the hi h temperature, its rapid and complete com ustion. V

Ware placed in theki'ln chamber will be heated by a circulation of the comparatively cool air at the bottom of the kiln, laterally outward into the fines 13, thence upwardly through the flues14 and 15 out into the top chamber flue 18, thence through the port 21 into the top of the kiln, and thence down over the ware disposed therein.

It will be clear that the air fiues herein may be readily renewed when they have been worn or burned out in use.' These air flues are spaced from each other and held in spaced relation and alineme'nt at their bases by interlocking lugs 13' and 13", respecti'vely, (see Fig. III). This permits expansion and contraction without disturbing the relation of the parts.

In Fig. V,"I have shown my improved kiln structure adapted to a tunnel kiln, a

railway track 25 being provided in the bot tom of thekiln on which cars or trucks 26 for the ware are propelled through the kiln. I provide longitudinal. sand troughs 27 filled with sand 28' at each side, and down- .wardly projecting slide guard-plates 29- at,v each side of the car, extend into the sand at their lower edges to shut ofi the heat from the trucks beneath which otherwise might become heated to an injurious extent.

The operation of the tunnel kiln is the same as the other except that the trucks 26 are pushed or propelled through it.

- It isclear that ,my improved kiln can be considerably modified in detail without departing from my invention.

' Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: I r

- 1-. In a'kiln structure, the combination of the outer and inner walls suitably insulated, suitable central supports for the ware with a central kiln chamber therefor, partial partition walls sepauating the, combustion 'chamber at each side, lateral fiues compristures on the upper side and with spacing with flanged openings for the upper ends of saidupright tubular fines and extending beyond the same, and ledges formed on the inner walls for supporting the fiue caps, co-

acting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

2. In a kiln structure, the combination of the outer and inner walls suitably insulated,

suitable central supports for the ware with a central kiln chamber therefor, partial partition walls separating the combustion chamher at each side, lateral flues comprising a tubular base portion with flanged apertures on the upper side, upright tubular fines con- 'nectin to said base portion disposed in the flange openings, and a flue cap with flanged openings for the-upper ends of said upright tubular fines, coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

3. In a kiln structure, the combination of the outer and'inner walls suitably insulated, suitable central supports for the ware with a central kiln chamber therefor, partial p'artition walls separating the combustion chamber at each side, lateral flues coinprising a tubular base portion with spacing lugs on the lateral sides thereof, upright tubular fiues connecting to said base portion, and a flue cap with flanged openings for the upper ends of said upright tubular flues, coacting substantially as 'described for the purpose specified.

a. In a kiln, structure, the combination of the outer and inner walls suitably insulated,

suitable central supports for the warewith a central kiln chamber therefor, partial partition walls separating the combust1on chamber at each side, lateral flues comprising a tubular base portion, upright tubular fiues connecting to said base portion, and a flue cap with flanged openings for theupper ends of said upright tubular flues, coacting substantially as described for the purpose specified.

- 5. In a kiln structure, the combination of the walls suitably insulated suitable central supports for the ware with acentral kiln chamber therefor, partial partition walls separating the combustion chamber at each side, lateral flues comprising-a tubular base portion projecting under saidpartialwall s withupright tubular flues connecting to said base portion, a-flue cap with flanged openings for the-upper ends of said upright-tubular flues and extending beyond the same, and internal ledges'forinedon the walls for'supporting the flue'cap's, coaoting-as described.

6. In a kiln structure, the combination of thewa'lls suitably insulated, suitable central supports for the ware with a central kiln chamber therefor, lateral flues comprising a j tubular base portion with upright tubular flues connecting to said base portion, aifiue cap for the u per ends of said upri ht tubular flues an extending beyond t e same, and internalledges formed on the walls for sup orting the flue caps, coacting as descri d. h

i 7. In a kiln structure, the combination of the walls suitably insulated, suitable central supports for the ware with a central kiln chamber therefor, lateral flues comprising a tubular base portion with upright tubular flues connecting to said base portion, and a fllie cap for the upper ends of GAR]. ZWERMANN. 1 8.]

Witnesses: LUELLA G. GREENFIELD, MARGARHT L. GLAsGow. 

